Conceptual Model Research Articles

Exploring primary school teachers’ idea generation during the STEM instructional design process

ABSTRACT Background Instructional design is essential for the implementation and quality of STEM education. However, it remains challenging to help teachers acquire pedagogical content knowledge and come up with novel instructional design ideas in STEM. education. Purpose Guided by the full-perspective learning theory, this study proposed a conceptual model that was constructed by teaching needs assessment (TNA), internal meditation (IM), external interaction (EI), and idea generation in instructional design (IGID). Sample A total of 1,727 primary school technology teachers (51.8% female, 48.2% male) who had conducted STEM learning activities participated in this study. Design and methods Structural equation modeling was used to verify the relationships between variables. Results The results indicated that (1) TNA, IM, and EI were positively related to IGID; and (2) both IM and EI were positively related to IGID. In addition, through the multiple group analysis, it was observed that there were significant gender differences in the idea generation process. Conclusion The findings implied that male teachers performed better than female teachers in TNA, and were more motivated to seek ideas through IM and EI after TNA. Female teachers were more likely to obtain novel ideas through IM. The research provides some ways to facilitate the acquisition of ideas on STEM instructional design, which can be used to guide course design for instructors and course designers in STEM fields.

Conceptual Model of Effective Parenting Strategies for Mother with Children Who Experience Developmental Disorders.

Prior studies on Japanese parents raising children with developmental disorders have predominantly emphasized negative psychological aspects like parenting conflicts and challenges. Purpose of this study was to construct a conceptual model to aid mothers in parenting children with developmental disorders by identifying effective parenting strategies. In this qualitative study, participants were mothers who engaged in a home program through individual outpatient occupational therapy. Therapy sessions occurred biweekly, totaling 12 sessions, each lasting 40 min. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed through the Modified Grounded Theory Approach. Analysis of mothers' narratives revealed heightened physical burden, psychological distress, severe stress, and social isolation. Our findings highlight those mothers who engaged in the home program navigated the intricate parenting landscape through problem-solving, including managing negative emotions, their demanding schedules, and societal norms. This study offers insights into the perceptions, experiences, and behaviors of families in supporting the development of parenting strategies within the family. Occupational therapy should prioritize evaluating a mother's parenting context and her interactions with her environment. Furthermore, it is crucial to provide support for her to independently formulate suitable parenting strategies that resonate with the specific circumstances of her family.

Exploring the Nexus of Assistance-Seeking Engagement in Travel Communities: Role of Destination Knowledge and Advocacy

ABSTRACT The current study examines the interactions between destination knowledge and advocacy behaviors that may drive assistance-seeking engagement with social media-based travel communities (SMTCs). This research is guided by a conceptual model emphasizing the mediating role of advocacy behavior among SMTC participants. The proposed model was tested on a sample of 208 young SMTCs’ members. Data was collected using a self-administered cross-sectional survey method, which helped collect data from 208 young SMTCs’ members. The proposed relationships are analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings support destination knowledge’s significant role in influencing individuals’ seeking assistance and advocacy behaviors; hence, they afford insights into consumers’ engagement with SMTCs. Further, the study guides tourism managers to utilize SMTCs to disseminate and advocate vital travel communication.

Fake News: a conceptual model for risk management

This article proposes a model based on a systematic literature review (SLR) that investigates the intersection of Fake News, Risk, and Risk Management. Employing Design Science Research as the primary methodology, it introduces a conceptual model to mitigate Fake News-related risks in specific communities. The model uses ArchiMate to depict a community as an organisational entity, exemplifying its practicality through a Fake News instance from the Central European Digital Media Observatory. The research undergoes rigorous evaluation using the Bunge-Wand-Weber Model, ensuring its consistency and value to the scientific community. This evaluation formalises the proposed conceptual model, offering a structured framework systematically mapping Fake News concepts to mitigate associated risks and disinformation. This study contributes to the Fake News management discourse, providing a practical risk management tool to counter the phenomenon.

Hotel booking intentions in the TikTok era: the role of online celebrity brand equity

Purpose This study aims to explore the pathway of increasing hotel booking intentions by mapping the linkage mechanism between the antecedents and components of brand equity to ultimately drive followers’ hotel booking intention. In addition, the role of over-endorsement as a moderating variable is also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model and research hypotheses were each assessed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Paper-based and online surveys were used to collect data from 443 respondents who are TikTok users and follow at least one TikTok online celebrity, while that online celebrity must have reviewed at least one type of accommodation. Findings Except for the relationship between virtual interactivity and online celebrity brand image, the results confirmed the relationships between research concepts. Research limitations/implications Further studies are needed to validate the results in other cultural contexts, generalize findings and broaden the range of target respondents. Originality/value This study contributes to the hotel literature by illustrating how online celebrity brand equity (OCBE) drives hotel booking intentions. The study highlights the importance of antecedent factors – follower-centered drivers (e.g. lifestyle congruence, friendship) and online celebrity-led drivers (e.g. virtual interactivity, expertise) – to achieve a hierarchical relationship between OCBE components and followers’ booking intentions.

To be or not to be mindful at work. Analysis of the effects on psychological strain and job satisfaction

Purpose This study aims to uncover the theoretical role and the effects of mindfulness on psychological strain as well as job satisfaction among young German employees. The study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was a stressful time for German employees. Thus, the role of mindfulness should be explained. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 198 participants was used for analysing the relationships by applying partial least squares structural equal modelling. Findings This study highlights that, in the working context, mindfulness was statistically significantly and negatively related to psychological strain (ß = −0.498, p < 0.000) and positively as well as statistically significantly related to job satisfaction (ß = 0.263, p < 0.000). Furthermore, psychological strain is negatively but statistically significant related to job satisfaction (ß = −0.207, p < 0.017). Additionally, psychological strain mediates the relationship between mindfulness and job satisfaction positively and significantly (ß = 0.103, p < 0.026). Originality/value This study contributes by firstly setting up a conceptual model that explicitly uncovers the paramount importance of mindfulness at work in relation to job satisfaction. Moreover, the authors contribute by highlighting that psychological strain is negatively affected by mindfulness. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the first study examining this interplay and setting up a new conceptual model.

Innovation as a driver of business tourism competitiveness

Purpose The purpose of this study involves analysing the factors of and barriers to innovation and their respective impacts (directly and indirectly) on the competitiveness of both destination and their host companies. Design/methodology/approach Based on primary data collected by questionnaire from a sample of 119 companies operating in the tourism sector in the autonomous region of Madeira (Portugal), the authors applied a quantitative methodology with recourse to econometric models and multiple linear regression. Findings Comprehensive results based on a conceptual model are obtained through the analysis of competitiveness tourism-based and innovation factors. The study identifies and empirically tests the existing and underlying relationships between innovation (factors and barriers) as the means of leveraging the competitiveness of destinations and their companies. Originality/value The results hold important theoretical and practical implications contributing towards innovation for competitiveness and filling a shortcoming identified in the literature.

Comprehending Determinants and Outcomes of Cultural Tourism to India

This study explores relevant cultural motives amongst foreign tourists visiting India for cultural tourism and explains their role in the formation of destination satisfaction using the S-O-R theory. The conceptual model is empirically tested through a survey using 378 samples using Exploratory Factor Analysis followed by Structural Equation Modelling. Our research found that motives, namely learning local culture, seeking spiritual experiences, experiencing novelty, engaging in social consumption, and experiencing relaxation, are the five principal drivers determining cultural tourist destination selection. This study identifies that tourism motives influence destination satisfaction and positively contribute to WOM intentions. Our research suggests that administrators must create thematic recreation/entertainment options that underscore the local flavour to improve destination satisfaction amongst foreign cultural tourists.

Navigating Emotional Discomfort in Developing Equity-Driven School Leaders: A Conceptual-Pedagogical Framework

Background Given that K-12 schools necessitate leaders who can advance equity and justice, preparation programs in higher education institutions have prioritized the development of equity-oriented school leaders. However, there has been relatively limited exploration of pedagogical approaches that equip educational leaders to navigate adverse emotional responses and utilize their discomforting emotions as a source of transformation toward equity-oriented principles. When negative emotions are suppressed and/or unexplored within leadership development programs, adult learners will likely miss crucial opportunities for personal growth and transformative change. Purpose This theoretical article aims to enhance and expand existing scholarship on the pedagogies of emotional discomfort by developing a conceptual-pedagogical framework for preparing equity-driven school leaders. Conceptual Model We explore the role of emotions in/as learning, drawing insights from the learning science literature, and analyze empirical studies in leadership education to unravel how and why discomforting emotions are triggered and operationalized when learning about racism and inequities. We present a framework, the pedagogy of discomfort toward critical hope, drawing on scholarly work bridging emotional discomfort and critical pedagogy, and exemplified by various examples of pedagogies of discomfort. Building on this foundation, we introduce an emotional scaffolding design centered around three concepts: generating discomfort to make oppression and privilege visible, guided emotion participation for engaging critical reflection and dialogue, and appraising emotions with metacognitive and meta-affect tools. Discussion and Implications This article extends the scholarship on teaching and learning for developing equity leaders by bridging insights from learning science and critical pedagogy.

Stream hydrology controls on ice cliff evolution and survival on debris-covered glaciers

Abstract. Ice cliffs are melt hot spots that contribute disproportionately to melt on debris-covered glaciers. In this study, we investigate the impact of supraglacial stream hydrology on ice cliffs using in situ and remote sensing observations, streamflow measurements, and a conceptual geomorphic model of ice cliff backwasting applied to ice cliffs on Kennicott Glacier, Alaska. We found that 33 % of ice cliffs (accounting for 69 % of the ice cliff area) are actively influenced by streams, while half are nearer than 10 m from the nearest stream. Supraglacial streams contribute to ice cliff formation and maintenance by horizontal meandering, vertical incision, and debris transport. These processes produce an undercut lip at the ice cliff base and transport clasts up to tens of centimeters in diameter, preventing reburial of ice cliffs by debris. Stream meander morphology reminiscent of sedimentary river channel meanders and oxbow lakes produces sinuous and crescent ice cliff shapes. Stream avulsions result in rapid ice cliff collapse and local channel abandonment. Ice cliffs abandoned by streams are observed to be reburied by supraglacial debris, indicating a strong role played by streams in ice cliff persistence. We also report on a localized surge-like event at the glacier's western margin which drove the formation of ice cliffs from crevassing; these cliffs occur in sets with parallel linear morphologies contrasting with the crescent planform shape of stream-driven cliffs. The development of landscape evolution models may assist in quantifying the total net effect of these processes on steady-state ice cliff coverage and mass balance, contextualizing them with other drivers including supraglacial ponds, differential melt, ice dynamics, and collapse of englacial voids.

Hydrogeological characterization of low permeability medium for conceptualization of a mine site in Eastern Turkey

The mining site in Eastern Anatolia of Turkey were encounter a significant risk of slope instability within the operational area. One of the processes that govern slope stability is the pore water pressure distribution. The conceptualization and characterization of porous media serve as fundamental prerequisites for the implementation of numerical methods aimed at predicting pore water distribution. This study aims to characterize the hydrogeological properties of water bearing rocks in the active mining site in Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. A total of 21 wells and drill holes were drilled in the study area to conduct in-situ tests, monitoring, and sampling. The large diameter wells drilled in surrounding the carbonate rocks were to determine the groundwater flow and boundary conditions and also wells tapped metasediments and diorite unit for hydraulic testing. The lugeon tests and installation of vibrating wire piezometers were carried out at small diameter drill holes to obtain localized hydraulic conductivity of metasediments and diorite at different depths and monitoring pore water pressure distribution along some critical cross-sections. The results obtained from these tests are used for developing hydrogeological conceptual model for groundwater flow. The results of in-situ tests show that the metasediment and diorite units act as a single hydrostratigraphic unit. The metasediments and diorite have high total porosity and low specific yield indicating that the pore water is retained by electrostatic forces in the medium and it resists flow due to low hydraulic conductivity. The vertical variation in hydraulic conductivity values indicates that the medium is highly heterogeneous.

Forensic auditing: a comprehensive analysis from a conceptual and methodological perspective

In the field of forensic auditing, corporate fraud detection is addressed through a comprehensive approach. In this sense, the objective of this study is to evaluate the existing practical approaches in this discipline to determine their effectiveness and contribution to the field. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive review of the specialized literature is conducted, focusing on methodologies, tools and techniques used in forensic auditing. The results reveal the importance of understanding the causes of fraud, the applicability of the Fraud Triangle as a conceptual model, the importance of internal control based on the COSO framework, and the need to follow good practices and have solid action plans. It is concluded that forensic auditing plays an essential role in detecting and responding to corporate fraud, and that continuous evaluation of practical approaches is paramount to improving the effectiveness of this discipline in the fight against fraud.

SINO-US STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC: EXPLORING RESPONSES FROM MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA

The Indo-Pacific region has emerged as a significant global focal point due to the increasing influence exerted by China and the UnitedStates. In light of the dynamic nature of the global geopolitical landscape, Malaysia and Indonesia, as two prominent Southeast Asianstates, find themselves at the nexus of this competition. China and the United States are two regional superpowers which have strategically positioned themselves in the Indo-Pacific. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the crucial role of Indonesia and Malaysia in the context of the escalating Sino-US strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region. By focusing on research articles, books and reports, this work explored the policy and strategic outlook, methodological approaches and methods underpinning Indo-Pacific discourse in Indonesia and Malaysia. The methodology adopted for this review was systematic by following the seven stages suggested by Petticrew and Roberts (2008). This review’s findings indicated the diverse range of theories, methodologies, practical strategies, and approaches that scholars have employed in examining the roles of Indonesia and Malaysia in the Indo-Pacific region. Consequently, this paper broadens the scope for scholars by expounding upon the strategic outlook of Indonesia and Malaysia within the Indo-Pacific discourse, along with the various methodological and theoretical frameworks and conceptual models that may inform future research endeavours. This study was however, limited to gathering input from journal articles, books, book chapters, and reports, and excluding other sources such as conference papers and op-eds. Furthermore, thescope of studies accessed was limited to data available from 2013 to September 2023.

Conceptual model of global plants entrapping plastics

Aquatic plants, seagrasses, macrophytes, mangroves, and riparian vegetation are responsible for some of the most important ecosystem services provided on the Earth. Given their role in trapping plastics along rivers, we propose a new ecosystem service of plastic entrapment by global plants. Although research started recently to study vegetation trapping plastics, little is known about the global patterns of plastic retention and remobilization by vegetation through different habitats. Given those gaps, we synthesize global data on plastic entrapment in plants providing a conceptual model to describe processes for plastic retention by vegetation. Our results demonstrate how vegetation has a pivotal role in entrapping plastics across spatial and temporal scales, finding the higher density of plastics on plants rather than in the adjacent water area. Furthermore, we proposed a conceptual model (i.e., Plant Plastic Pathway) of plants entrapping plastics, highlighting spatial and temporal scales of plastic retention and release processes in different habitats. Thus, we anticipate our conceptual model to be a starting point for more sophisticated future studies, putting effort into looking at plastic-vegetation dynamics. Our conceptual model may have a crucial effect if applied to plastic hotspot area detection with clean-up and mitigation actions in riverine ecosystems.

Conceptual Model of Cross-Boundary Learning in Adventure Tourism

This theoretical study aims to provide a learning model for adventure tour guides to become effective learning facilitators for adventure tourists, who have increasingly sought self-transformation through soft-adventure activities. This objective is drowned by the increasing interest in learning from different cultures among adventure tourists and also the attention to self-transformation through pedagogy, adventure tourism, outdoor adventure education (OAE), and pedagogy are becoming increasingly capable of sharing their theories under the concept of cross-boundary learning. This paper therefore organizes this sharing by considering the applicability of OAE theories to soft adventure tourist based on literature review. It then centers on the community of practice created from interaction between guides and tourists and between tourists as a way of learning, which can lead adventure tourists towards self-transformation, and discusses how guides can create opportunities for such cooperative learning community during their service. As a result, taking a cue from the SECI model, which underlies cross-boundary learning, a conceptual model was presented to implement the facilitator role of the guide in cross-boundary learning effectively. In this conceptual model, the guide’s role extends beyond knowledge transfer. Rather, the results of the study imply that guides are required to be co-creators of knowledge to accompany adventure tourists in their cross-boundary learning. The findings also suggest that guides need to become cross-boundary learners who may also learn from their customers.

Geostatistical Analysis of Lineament Domains: The Study Case of the Apennine Seismic Province of Italy

Regional-scale swarms of subparallel linear topographic features, known as lineament domains, are a common feature of planetary surfaces. Lineament domains are superficial manifestations of the crustal stress field trajectory. Notably, one of the effects of active tectonics is seismicity. Italy is one of the most seismically active regions in the Mediterranean, with many destructive earthquakes that have occurred in past centuries. Here, we assess the seismic meaning of the main lineament domain in the tectonically active region of Central Italy. We describe the use of an automated analysis of satellite imagery coupled with spatial grid analysis to identify three lineament domains of the Central Apennines. Spatial and azimuthal comparisons of the main lineament domain (i.e., the Apennine Domain), with the known locations of earthquakes (moment magnitude of Mw > 5.5) that occurred during the past century, revealed the most seismically active tectonic areas and their spatial distributions. Further, we present a conceptual seismo-geodynamic model for the Central Apennines, which is characterized by regional arching and explains the presence of an extensional tectonic regime in the upper crustal layer of the active Apennines fold-and-thrust belt.

Family Involvement in the Care of Hospitalized Older Adults: Protocol for a Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.

Older adults are frequently hospitalized. Family involvement during these hospitalizations is incompletely characterized in the literature. This study aimed to better understand how families are involved in the care of hospitalized older adults and develop a conceptual model describing the phenomenon of family involvement in the care of hospitalized older adults. We describe the protocol of a qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), a systematic review of qualitative studies. We chose to focus on qualitative studies given the complexity and multifaceted nature of family involvement in care, a type of topic best understood through qualitative inquiry. The protocol describes our process of developing a research question and eligibility criteria for inclusion in our QES based on the SPIDER (Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, and Research type) tool. It describes the development of our search strategy, which was used to search MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Elsevier), PsycINFO (via Ovid), and CINAHL Complete (via EBSCO). Title and abstract screening and full-text screening will occur sequentially. Purposive sampling may be used depending on the volume of studies identified as eligible for inclusion during our screening process. Descriptive data regarding included individual studies will be extracted and summarized in tables. The results from included studies will be synthesized using qualitative methods and used to develop a conceptual model. The conceptual model will be presented to community members via engagement panels for further refinement. As of September 2023, we have assembled a multidisciplinary team including physicians, nurses, health services researchers, a librarian, a social worker, and a health economist. We have finalized our search strategy and executed the search, yielding 8862 total citations. We are currently screening titles and abstracts and anticipate that full-text screening, data extraction, quality appraisal, and synthesis will be completed by summer of 2024. Conceptual model development will then take place with community engagement panels. We anticipate submitting our manuscript for publication in the fall of 2024. This paper describes the protocol for a QES of family involvement in the care of hospitalized older adults. We will use identified themes to create a conceptual model to inform further intervention development and policy change. PROSPERO 465617; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023465617. PRR1-10.2196/53255.

Development and content validity of the DizzyQuest

IntroductionVestibular disorders have a high prevalence and impact on general health. Currently questionnaires to measure vestibular symptoms and the impact on daily life, do not capture disease-specific symptoms or induce recall bias. The DizzyQuest was introduced, to measure vestibular symptoms in the flow of daily life, using the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) strategy. The development and content validity of the DizzyQuest are described in this article.MethodsThe development process consisted of two stages: First, the development of a concept version of the DizzyQuest based on the conceptual model of positive health, semi-structured interviews with patients diagnosed with bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) and expert input. Second, the assessment of content validity through a 4-week pilot trial, followed by focus group meetings with patients and professionals separately.ResultsPatient interviews, an expert meeting and a conceptual model resulted in the first pilot version of the DizzyQuest, which included a morning-, within-day-, evening- and attack-questionnaire. To report patient characteristics, complimentary patient- and doctor-questionnaires were added. The pilot trial (N = 5) and two patient focus group meetings resulted in multiple suggestions for response options. Two professional focus group meetings provided recommendations for sampling time and sampling schedule. As a result, two versions of the DizzyQuest were developed, consisting of a regular DizzyQuest (DQ) and an extended DizzyQuest-XL (DQ-XL).ConclusionThe DizzyQuest enables the administration of multiple questionnaires during the flow of daily life, therefore increasing reliability and ecological validity. The DQ and DQ-XL, using a big data approach, has the potential to improve precision medicine.

Perception of the compatibility of Quebec residency program characteristics with the advanced access model: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe advanced access (AA) model is among the most recommended innovations for improving timely access in primary care (PC). AA is based on core pillars such as comprehensive planning for care needs and supply, regularly adjusting supply to demand, optimizing appointment systems, and interprofessional collaborative practices. Exposure of family medicine residents to AA within university-affiliated family medicine groups (U-FMGs) is a promising strategy to widen its dissemination and improve access. Using four AA pillars as a conceptual model, this study aimed to determine the theoretical compatibility of Quebec’s university-affiliated clinics’ residency programs with the key principles of AA.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was sent to the chief resident and academic director at each participating clinic. An overall response rate of 96% (44/46 U-FMGs) was obtained.ResultsNo local residency program was deemed compatible with all four considered pillars. On planning for needs and supply, only one quarter of the programs were compatible with the principles of AA, owing to residents in out-of-clinic rotations often being unavailable for extended periods. On regularly adjusting supply to demand, 54% of the programs were compatible. Most (82%) programs’ appointment systems were not very compatible with the AA principles, mostly because the proportion of the schedule reserved for urgent appointments was insufficient. Interprofessional collaboration opportunities in the first year of residency allowed 60% of the programs to be compatible with this pillar.ConclusionsOur study highlights the heterogeneity among local residency programs with respect to their theoretical compatibility with the key principles of AA. Future research to empirically test the hypotheses raised by this study is warranted.

The role of employee empathy in forming brand love: customer delight and gratitude as mediators and power distance belief as a moderator

Purpose This study explores the influence of employee empathy on brand love, which subsequently affects customer advocacy, willingness to pay more (WTPM) and tolerance of failure. Additionally, it investigates the mediating role of customer delight and gratitude in connecting employee empathy with brand love and the moderating effect of power distance belief (PDB) between employee empathy and customer delight and gratitude.Design/methodology/approach A total of 751 usable data were gathered through scenario-based online surveys within a hotel context. The proposed conceptual model used Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for testing.Findings The results affirm the impact of employee empathy on brand love through the pathways of customer delight and gratitude, ultimately influencing positive customer behaviors, such as advocacy, WTPM and tolerance of failure. Moreover, the findings suggest that PDB diminishes the effect of employee empathy on customer gratitude, although it does not affect customer delight.Originality/value The study introduces novel insights into the significance of employee empathy as an antecedent of brand love. It contributes to the literature by concurrently conceptualizing customer delight and gratitude as mediators between employee empathy and brand love, consequently leading to favorable consumer behaviors. Furthermore, it advances our theoretical comprehension of an individual customer’s PDB and its psychological impact.